[Author’s Note: Extract from a work in progress. Thoughts on Goddess Sulis as seen through the eyes of an ancient Briton during the Roman occupation.]
“There’s a Goddess in the waterways!”
“Who are they and why are they lost?” You ask.
It’s ironic that most information about the British water Goddess comes from the Romans, the extreme patriarchal regime that conquered us. She was so sacred they assimilated Her into their own mythology.
Most of our water Goddesses are local, one for every spring, river, lake and estuary! Local doesn’t mean She isn’t important and although She is buried beneath years of mud and history it doesn’t mean She won’t rise again.
Covertina, Nemetona, Verbeia, Belisama, Latis, Saitada, Domnu, Senua, Brigantia, Brighida, Agrona, Hafren, Gye, Ystwythis, Ancasta, Annwn, Epona, Rosemerta and Sulis have survived damnatio memoriae’!
Why is British mythology so scant? Were oral histories lost, forgotten, overlaid with new mythologies, or deliberately destroyed? There is no doubt that organised religion actively pursued ‘damnatio memoriae’ – ‘condemnation of memory’ – what you call gaslighting!
Fast forward to the 6th century.
“Let altars be built and relics be placed there so that [the pagans] have to change from the worship of the daemones to that of the true God.” – Pope Gregory I, approx. 590AD.
At the springs our pagan deities were usurped by saints or the silenced embodiment of the Goddess, the Virgin Mary. The water Goddess became a vague shadow, her blood roots haunting legend as the Scarlet Lady or the Lady of the Lake. Perhaps She now inhabits poetry, a depression in the Earth, the contour of a hill or a chalybeate spring, flowing carnelian.
Since patriarchy exterminated Her history, I think it’s fair we speculate; patch together fragments of information; dig into the what ifs and whataboutery and draw comparisons with the mythos of ancient and indigenous cultures to recreate our stolen inheritance. Meditation, shamanic journeying, psychic messaging and evoking the Goddess to see who rises may be key to unlocking lost knowledge! Let’s tap into our creative wisdom and intuition to generate avatars of the Lost Goddess relatable for ‘now’, after all She was always a continuously evolving phenomena, Her form imagined and reimagined by artists, craftsmen, storytellers and scribes throughout history.
Perhaps the best known British water Goddess is the beautiful, symmetrical, decapitated Sulis Minerva. Her ubiquitous, high status, bronze gilt face gazed across the sacred waters at Aquae Sulis, now called Bath in Somerset. Since it was the Roman war machine and their wives who languished in ‘sanitas per aquam’ it’s hardly surprising they created a hybrid of Sulis, our Celtic solar and Mother Goddess, with Minerva, Roman Goddess of war, wisdom, trade and creativity.
In Old Irish ‘súil’ means ‘eye sight’ so Sulis may mean ‘to see’. Or perhaps her name comes from an Indo-European word for ‘Sun’. Either way I believe Sulis is a seer, a divinatory Goddess and a luminary, with priestesses channeling her prophetic visions like the Pythia.
I refer to Sulis Minerva’s face as ‘ubiquitous’ because it is a clone of the face the ancient Greek sculptor Praxiteles created for Aphrodite of Knidos, in the 4th Century BC. Praxiteles also created the ‘shame pose’ where, mortified to be naked, the Goddess covers her ‘pudenda’ with her hand. This pose has haunted women for millennia because it projects shame onto our bodies whilst telling us to be modest, cementing these qualities in stone!
I doubt that the body of any Goddess could ever be a source of shame but this does show how artists and writers, especially those working within a patriarchal framework, conditioned women, showing us ‘desirable’ versions of ourselves which became enduring and limiting stereotypes and standards for us to live by. Sulis Minerva’s face is one of those stylised faces that have been recreated by artists throughout the ages, in Classical, Renaissance Revival and Romantic art, but what did Sulis, stripped of Minerva’s armour, actually look like?
Wind back time. Before the Romans developed Aquae Sulis into a bustling spa, my mother says there were three torrid springs, gushing into a series of stepped, open air, geothermal pools, beside the river Afon (Avon). She says when she was my age (in AD 40) her family trekked to the luxuriously warm springs where the water is chartreuse and the minerals heal the skin. They sat on boulders amongst the pilgrims and lepers and watched as the lily masked priestesses, stood waist high in the steaming pool channeling Sulis. With fingertips trailing in the glassy water these crepe-skinned, dowager Oracles were naked, free of shame, in trance, peaceful, wise – resolved!
Amongst the boulders were rock carvings of Sulis as the triple Goddess, so perhaps there was one of Her for each fountainhead. When my mother slipped into the water she said she had a clear vision of Sulis as a divine aquatic creature, shyly lurking in the watery reservoirs of wisdom held in aquifers deep underground. When it is quiet she basks on the rocks in the sunshine, like lizards do!
The Romans guarded Sulis Minerva with the head of a serpent haired gorgon who, with the flash of an eye, turned the irreverent to stone. It’s ironic that all that remains of Her is Her beautiful gilt head. Was she decapitated, as was the gorgon Medusa, to reduce her power, her precious bronze body stolen and cast into the furnace when Aquae Sulis crumbled?
Patriarchy tamed the Goddess using rape and murder. They bottled Her wild spirit, summoning Her power when required, like a genie in a lamp. They clipped Her wings because She was capable of acts of fierce destruction and retribution just like Mother Nature. As man conquered nature, colonised land, drew borders and profited from the Earth they set the Goddess to work for them.
When did this start? Oracles were guarded by amphibians and I’ve always thought the murder of the female sea monsters, including the Hydra, Echidna and Scylla, by so called heroes, were metaphors for patriarchy battling the Goddess for supremacy.
Sulis Minerva’s decapitated, golden head lay buried until 1727 when it was discovered during the construction of a sewer. Like a water lily She has risen from the silt. If we peer into the water and look to source, beyond the gilding and patriarchal mud slinging, we may glimpse the essential, primordial Goddess reflecting back because She is part of all of us!
References:
Pope Gregory’s Letter, Oxford Reference, oxfordreference.com
The Hot Springs of Bath, Rebecca Brooks, bathscape.co.uk
Xulsigiae the Water Goddess you have never heard of!, The Water Witch, patheos.com/blogs/waterwitch
Persecution of Pagans by the Christian Roman Empire, Wikipedia, en-academic.com
The Ancient Celtic Pantheon, Mark Cartwright, worldhistory.org
Did Leprosy Originate In Europe?, Brigit Katz, Smithsonian Magazine, smithsonianmag.com